Sustainable Management Futures Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Practical Management Futures - Assignment Example It had been clear that since numerous years scientists just as organizers have been battling hard to characterize the idea of practical turn of events. Be that as it may, the definition has been excessively broad. It tends to be said that the objectives should be very explicit and this may fluctuate so as to reflect various conditions and national improvement approaches across nations. The nation’s objective for the naturally practical advancement assumes an indispensable job in this respects (Hoole and Et. Al., 1995). Thinking about the meaning of maintainability, there are three key angles in particular work and pay age, individuals support and strengthening and protection of condition and characteristic assets. The needs set might be unique while executing every one of these perspectives and will in general express various mentalities towards nature, society and moral choices included (Mansvelt and Mulder, 2002).â â It can be assessed that the difficulties of the support able advancement for the approach are very extraordinary in contrast with other strategy issues. The distinctions will in general emerge from thorough nature of economical turn of events and accentuation that is laid upon the government assistance of things to come age. Contrasts may likewise emerge from the accentuation gave to the manageable improvement considering it as a procedure of progress where the usage of the assets, the pattern of the mechanical turn of events and alter just as the course of the venture are made consistent.... Nonetheless, the definition has been excessively broad. It tends to be said that the objectives should be very explicit and this may shift so as to reflect various conditions and national advancement arrangements across nations. The nation’s objective for the earth feasible advancement assumes an essential job in this respects (Hoole and Et. Al., 1995). Thinking about the meaning of maintainability, there are three crucial viewpoints in particular work and pay age, individuals support and strengthening and protection of condition and normal assets. The needs set might be unique while executing every one of these viewpoints and will in general express various mentalities towards nature, society and moral choices included (Mansvelt and Mulder, 2002). It tends to be assessed that the difficulties of the reasonable advancement for the approach are very unique in contrast with other strategy issues. The distinctions will in general emerge from complete nature of supportable turn of events and accentuation that is laid upon the government assistance of things to come age. Contrasts may likewise emerge from the accentuation gave to the economical advancement considering it as a procedure of progress where the usage of the assets, the pattern of the mechanical turn of events and alter just as the course of the venture are made reliable with the requirements of things to come and the present. It can additionally be uncovered that the feasible improvement strategy should be founded on organizations and dynamic structures prompting manageable results. Another significant basis for the practical improvement is that the decision of the arrangement should be guided by financial proficiency. The purpose for this is if the basis

dress code Essay -- essays research papers

I can't help contradicting the school clothing regulation since it doesn't permit individuals to communicate, individuals can't dress for the climate, and it doesn't let individuals pick how they need to look since it's evidently an interruption. The clothing standard is "The base of your shirt should in any event meet the highest point of your jeans or shorts, and underpants ought not be uncovered. There must be a significant covering over the two shoulders. Transparent apparel or dress that is so exceptionally close that it causes to notice oneself are additionally inadmissible. Shorts/skirts must have at any rate a 4" inseam."      The clothing regulation doesn't permit individuals to communicate through what they wear. What individuals wear is the thing that makes them not the same as every other person. Most young ladies like to wear skimpier garments that show their shoulders and stomachs, yet this standard doesn't let them. Because a shirt has irreverence, revolting proposals, sexual meanings, medications or liquor on it, doesn't imply that it shouldn't be worn. Individuals take a stab at communicating through the mottos on their garments. I don't feel anything isn't right with these shirts and I'm not irritated by them, nor should any other individual be.      Dressing for the climate is extremely essential to do, particularly when it's incredibly hot out and there aren't forced air systems in the school that work appropriately. At the point when it's hot individuals don't prefer to wear a great deal of garments. Seeing the shoulders of folks and young ladies in school...

Blog Archive MBA News Tech Companies Express Greater Interest in Hiring New MBAs

Blog Archive MBA News Tech Companies Express Greater Interest in Hiring New MBAs Survey results published last week by the Graduate Management Admission Council featured an abundance of interesting dataâ€"including, as the Wall Street Journal noted, technology companies’ growing interest in recruiting recent business school graduates. Most impressive was the fact that 93% of the tech firm representatives who took part in the survey reported plans to hire MBA graduates this year. Last year, the number was notably lower at 84%. A total of 748 recruiters from 47 countries responded to the survey. Many companies in the energy and utilities industry are hoping to recruit more new MBAs as wellâ€"in fact, 96% of the survey participants in this field expressed such interest, while only 78% did so last year. The good news for this year’s business school grads does not end there: the number of finance and accounting companies seeking to hire MBAs was 84%, up 11% from last year’s findings. Share ThisTweet News

The social determinants of health for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3155 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, referred to as Indigenous Australians, experience significantly poorer health outcomes than non-Indigenous Australians. This is particularly true for Indigenous women. The difference in life expectancy between Indigenous and non-Indigenous women is some 9.5 years, and Indigenous mothers are three times as likely as non-Indigenous mothers to die during childbirth (AIHW, 2014a; AIHW, 2014b). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The social determinants of health for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers" essay for you Create order There are many complex, interrelated social factors which impact the health of Indigenous people. This paper provides a critical analysis of the social determinants of health for Indigenous mothers in particular. Education is one of the most fundamental social determinants of health, and this is particularly true for Indigenous Australians. Education enables Indigenous women to access and interpret health-related information to prevent ill health, and it also improves their capacity to engage effectively with the health care system when necessary (Jones et al., 2014). In Indigenous women, higher levels of education are directly linked with positive health outcomes; for example, an Indigenous woman is less likely to smoke if she completes secondary schooling (Australian Government Department of Health Ageing, 2012; Biddle Cameron, 2012). However, Indigenous women have poor rates of formal education attainment; just 29% of Indigenous people complete Year 12 compared with a nationa l average of 73% (ABS, 2012). Indigenous women with a lower standard of education are more likely to bear a child in their adolescent years, a particular problem for Indigenous women generally, and are also more likely to have a child with a low birthweight (Comino et al., 2009; Osborne et al., 2013). Additionally, Indigenous mothers with lower standards of education are more likely to children with poor educational outcomes; this highlights the significant problems associated with the intergenerational transfer of health and social risk in Indigenous communities (Benzies et al., 2011). Education is related directly to an Indigenous womans level of economic participation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" specifically, her ability to gain employment and earn an adequate income, both of which are key predictors of health (Osborne et al., 2013). Research suggests that an Indigenous persons chance of gaining employment increases by 40% if they complete Year 10 and by 53% if they complete Year 12 (N ew South Wales Government Department of Education Training, 2004). However, as with low education, low employment is a significant problem for Indigenous women; indeed, rates of unemployment for Indigenous women are above 16%, compared with a national average of just 4% (ABS, 2013). Economic disadvantage resulting from unemployment is a significant predictor of poor health. Booth and Carrol (2008) suggest that economic variables can explain up to 50% of the disparity in health between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Additionally, and demonstrating the cyclical nature of socioeconomic disadvantage and poor health in Indigenous communities, research also suggests that poor health may explain 60% of the disparity in employment participation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous women (Kalb et al., 2011). Unemployment and socioeconomic disadvantage may affect the health of Indigenous women in a range of ways. Primarily, limited disposable income à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" in comb ination with a lack of food storage and cooking facilities within households and, particularly within remote communities, lack of access to fresh food itself à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" means indigenous women have reduced access to nutritionally-appropriate foods and lower food security (Osborne et al., 2013; Browne et al., 2014). Indeed, the diets of Indigenous people in many regions are characterised by a high intake of saturated fats, refined carbohydrates and salt, and little to no intake of fresh fibre-rich foods (ABS, 2006). In Indigenous women, as in all women, nutrition is fundamental to health in the ante-, intra- and post-partum periods (Browne et al., 2014). Poor dietary intake leads to high rates of gestational diabetes mellitus among Indigenous mothers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 5.1%, compared with a national average of 4.5% (2000-2009 estimate) (Chamberlain et al., 2014). Poor nutritional status also underpins the burden of chronic disease evident in Indigenous women and particularly c hronic diseases related to obesity, which are a significant problem in Indigenous communities (Liaw et al., 2011). Around 60% of Indigenous women aged 25-55 years have a body mass index which indicates they are obese (ABS, 2006). Because of the risks posed by chronic disease, Indigenous mothers are significantly more likely than non-Indigenous mothers to require antenatal hospital admission (Badgery-Parker et al., 2012). Additionally, maternal chronic disease means that around 11% of indigenous neonates have a low birthweight (ABS, 2014). This is an important marker for increased risk of chronic disease, again demonstrating the cyclical nature of socioeconomic disadvantage and poor health outcomes in Indigenous communities. Socioeconomic disadvantage has a variety of other impacts on Indigenous mothers. For example, lack of employment and poverty mean that many Indigenous women have reduced access to appropriate housing. Up to 28% of Indigenous people live in housing which is sev erely overcrowded and where basic facilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" including showers, toilets and stoves à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" are not available or do not work (Osborne et al., 2013). Compounding the issue of poor housing is the fact that Indigenous Australians, and particularly those living in regional and remote communities, have disproportionate access to essential health infrastructure such as safe drinking water, rubbish collection services, sewerage systems and a reliable supply of power (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2007; Osborne et al., 2013). Indeed, lower standards of housing health infrastructure in Australian communities contribute directly to the high rates of parasitic and bacterial infection and increased rates of physical injury à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" for example, from house fires à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" among Indigenous women (Bailie Wayte, 2006). Inappropriate, overcrowded housing has had other impacts on Indigenous mothers. Specifically, it has led to breakdowns in tr aditional, complex social structures, norms and spiritual practices in Indigenous communities (Osborne et al., 2013). This has resulted in increases in the rates violence, including domestic violence, perpetrated against Indigenous women; indeed, Indigenous women are 40 times more likely than non-Indigenous women to experience violence, and are 35 times more likely to experience intra-familial violence which results in hospitalisation (Osborne et al., 2013). Indigenous people are also significantly more likely than non-Indigenous people to experience sexual assault (Phillips Park, 2006; ABS, 2009). The Australian Human Rights Commission (2007) notes that a combination of unemployment, the receipt of welfare payments and a lower standard of education also predispose Indigenous women to an increased risk of poor health outcomes due to violence. In Indigenous women in particular, social capital à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" including a connection with community, country and culture, is positi vely correlated with wellbeing (Brough et al., 2004; Biddle, 2012; Osborne et al., 2013). The relationship between social capital and mental wellbeing, particularly in Indigenous people, is well-established, however the correlation between social capital and physical wellbeing is now also acknowledged. For example, a number of Australian studies have demonstrated that Indigenous people who are connected to their community, country and culture are less likely to be diagnosed with a range of chronic health conditions including obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and renal disease (Burgess et al., 2009; Campbell et al., 2011). Where there are declines in social capital, therefore, the mental and physical health of Indigenous women also decline. Shepherd et al. (2012) report on the growing body of knowledge which suggests that Indigenous peoples social environment may significantly affect their mental health. Rates of mental illness among Indigenous women are high; indeed, Indig enous women are 2.6 times as likely as non-Indigenous women to report experiencing psychological distress and are also more likely to engage in self-harm and / or suicide (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2007; Burns et al. 2015, np). Mental illness is also strongly correlated with poverty; for example, Australian research suggests that people in poverty lack a sense of control over their lives and so experience higher levels of psychological stress (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2007). In addition to poor mental health, psychological stress can also lead to poor physical health outcomes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" specifically, via negative effects on the immune and cardiovascular systems and metabolic function (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2007; Shepherd et al., 2012). Mental illness is not only underpinned by social health determinants, it is also problematic in terms of modifying the social factors which underpin poor health outcomes in Indigenous communities. For example , Marmot (2011) suggests that, in Indigenous communities, marginalisation results in disempowerment which in turn leads many Indigenous women to perceive little value in efforts to make health-related changes. Social dysfunction and high rates of mental illness in Indigenous communities is driven by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and, indeed, drives à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the high rate of substance abuse in these communities (Osborne et al., 2013).   Indigenous women are twice as likely as non-Indigenous women to smoke on a daily basis, and three times as likely to smoke during pregnancy (Osborne et al., 2013; Passey et al., 2013). Approximately 50% of Indigenous people report consuming alcohol at least once per week, 28% report current regular use of illicit substances including cannabis and other drugs, and 15% engage in risky behaviours related to substance use (ABS, 2006). Substance abuse is an important social determinant of health; the correlation between substance use and poor outc omes in terms of both physical and mental health in adults is well-established. Whilst the prevalence of Indigenous mothers who use alcohol and illicit substances is unknown, rates of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and neonatal abstinence syndrome are high among Indigenous neonates (AIHW, 2015). Additionally, Indigenous mothers who abuse substances are at greater risk of losing custody of their children; because of the relationship between social capital and health in Indigenous communities, this can itself be perceived as a poor health outcome (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2007; Osborne et al., 2013). As noted by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing (2013), poverty limits the access of many Indigenous people to health care services. This is particularly true in regional and remote communities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and approximately 46% of Indigenous women live in an area classified as regional or remote (ABS, 2010). Though many regional and remote Indig enous communities are supported by fly-in fly-out health services, research suggests that fragmented services and discontinuity of care can contribute to poor health outcomes for Indigenous women (Bar-Zeev et al., 2012). Many communities have no health services at all, and to receive medical attention Indigenous women are often required to travel long distances to regional centres. Although the federal government subsidises the transport and accommodation expenses associated with such trips, general living costs borne by Indigenous women are often significant (Kildea et al., 2010). Additionally, the costs for those accompanying a woman are often not subsidised, so women may be required to travel without support (Kildea et al., 2010). These issues affect Indigenous mothers disproportionately; for example, in comparison to non-Indigenous women, Indigenous women tend to access antenatal care both less frequently and later in their pregnancy, and this is underpinned by lack of access to care (Osborne et al., 2013). Further complicating these issues is the fact that the risk-prevention paradigm evident in many medicalised health services is incompatible with the holistic perception of health held by many Indigenous women (Ireland et al., 2011). Additionally, historic protectionist and paternalist attitudes directed towards Indigenous people continue to pervade many medicalised health services in Australia. Durey and Thompson (2012) suggest that racism, both covert and overt, towards Indigenous women in Australian health services remains a significant problem; indeed, the Australian Human Rights Commission (2007) notes that systematic discrimination is a key factor underpinning the lack of opportunity for Indigenous Australians achieve a health status equitable to that of non-Indigenous Australians. These issues associated with culturally-safe service provision often culminate in Indigenous mothers disengaging from medicalised health services. This is a significa nt problem considering a lack of antenatal and intrapartum care in particular, and health care in general, is fundamental to the high maternal morbidity and mortality rates in Indigenous communities (AIHW, 2014a). This paper has provided a critical analysis of the many social determinants of health for Australias Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and, particularly, Indigenous mothers. It has demonstrated that social factors underpin the health of Indigenous mothers in both the physical and mental domains. It has also provided evidence for the complex relationship between health and social determinants in Indigenous mothers. References Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2006, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey, 2004-05: Summary of findings, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[emailprotected]/mf/4715.0 Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2009, Indigenous victims of crime, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[emailprotected]/0/A06006790A9C4474CA2577360017A885?opendocument Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2010, Demographic, social and economic characteristics overview: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and where they live, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[emailprotected]/lookup/4704.0Chapter210Oct+2010 Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012, Topics at a glance: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples education, learning and skills, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/c311215.nsf/web/Aboriginal+and+Torres+Strait+Islander+Peoples+-+Education,+Learning+and+Skil ls Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2013, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples labour force outcomes, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[emailprotected]/Lookup/4102.0Main+Features20Nov+2013 Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2014, Birthweight of babies born to Indigenous mothers, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=60129548202 Australian Government Department of Health Ageing 2012, Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander Health Performance Framework, viewed 25 September 2015, https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/Publishing.nsf/Content/F766FC3D8A697685CA257BF0001C96E8/$File/hpf-2012.pdf Australian Government Department of Health 2013, Social determinants of health, viewed 25 September 2015, https://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/oatsih-healthplan-toc~determinants Australian Human Rights Commission 2007, Social determinants and the health of Indigenouspeoples in Australia: A human rights based approach, viewed 25 September 2015, https://www.humanrights.gov.au/news/speeches/social-determinants-and-health-indigenous-peoples-australia-human-rights-based Australian Institute of Health Welfare (AIHW) 2014a, Mortality and life expectancy of Indigenous Australians: 2008-2012, viewed 25 September 2015, https://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=60129548468 Australian Institute of Health Welfare (AIHW) 2014b, Maternal deaths in Australia: 2006-2010, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=60129548375 Australian Institute of Health Welfare (AIHW) 2015, Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a review of interventions for prevention and management in Indigenous communities, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=60129550296 Badgery-Parker, T, Ford, JB, Jenkins, MG, Morris, JM Roberts, CL 2012, Patterns and outcomes of preterm hospital admissions du ring pregnancy in NSW, 2001-2008, Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 196, no. 4, pp. 261-265, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2012/196/4/patterns-and-outcomes-preterm-hospital-admissions-during-pregnancy-nsw-2001-2008 Bailie, RS Wayte, KJ 2006, Housing and health in Indigenous communities: Key issues for housing and health improvement in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, Australian Journal of Rural Health, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 178-183. Bar-Zeev, SJ, Barclay, L, Farrington, C Kildea, S 2012, From hospital to home: The quality and safety of a postnatal discharge system used for remote-dwelling Aboriginal mothers and infants in the Top End of Australia, Midwifery, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 366-373. Benzies, K, Tough, S, Edwards, N, Mychasiuk, R Donnelly, C 2011, Aboriginal children and their caregivers living with low income: Outcomes from a two-generation preschool program, Journal of Child Family Studies, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 311-3 18. Biddle, N 2012, Measures of Indigenous social capital and their relationship with well-being, Australian Journal of Rural Health, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 298-304. Biddle, N Cameron, T 2012, The benefits of Indigenous education: Data findings and data gaps, Australian National University, viewed 26 September 2015, https://press.anu.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ch071.pdf Booth, AL Carrol, N 2008, Economic status and the Indigenous / non-Indigenous health gap. Economics Letters, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 604-606. Brough, M, Bone C Hunt, J 2004, Strong in the city: Towards a strength-based approach in Indigenous health promotion, Health Promotion Journal of Australia, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 215-220. Browne, J, Hayes, R Gleeson, D 2014, Aboriginal health policy: Is nutrition the gap in Closing the Gap?, Australian New Zealand Journal of Public Health, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 362-369. Burgess, CP, Johnston, FH, Berry, ML, McDonnell, J, Yibarbuk, D, Gunabarra, C, Mileran, A Bailie, RS 2009, Healthy country, healthy people: The relationship between Indigenous health status and caring for country, Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 190, no. 10, pp. 567-572., viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2009/190/10/healthy-country-healthy-people-relationship-between-indigenous-health-status-and Burns, J, MacRae, A, Thomson, N, Anomie, M, Gray, C, Levitan, L, McLoughlin, N, Potter, C, Ride, K, Stumpers, S, Trzesinki, A Urquhart, B 2013, Summary of Indigenous womens health, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/population-groups/women/reviews/our-review Campbell, D, Burgess, CP, Garnett, ST Wakerman, J 2011, Potential primary health care savings for chronic disease care associated with Australian Aboriginal involvement in land management, Health Policy, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 83-89. Chamberlain, C, Banks, E, Joshy, G, Diouf, I, Oats, JJ, Gubhaiu, L Eades, S 2014, Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus amon g Indigenous women and comparison with non-Indigenous Australian women: 1990-2009, Australian New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics Gynaecology, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 433-440. Comino, E, Knight, J, Webster, V, Jackson-Pulver, L, Jalaludin, B, Harris, E, Craig, P, McDermott, D, , Henry, R Harris, M 2012, Risk and protective factors for pregnancy outcomes for urban Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal mothers and infants: The gudaga cohort, Maternal Child Health Journal, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 569-578. Durey, A Thompson, SC 2012, Reducing the health disparities of Indigenous Australians: Time to change focus, BMC Health Services Research, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 151-161. Ireland, S, Wulili, N, Concepta, B Kildea, S 2011, Niyith nniyith watman (the quiet story): Exploring the experiences of Aboriginal women who give birth in their remote community, Midwifery, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 634-641. Jones, K, Parker, EJ Jamieson, LM 2014, Access, literacy and behavioural correlates of poor self-rat ed oral health amongst an Indigenous South Australian population, Community Dental Health, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 167-171. Kalb, G, Le, T Leung, F 2011, Decomposing differences in labour force status between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, viewed 25 September 2015, https://ftp.iza.org/dp6808.pdf Kildea, S, Kruske, S, Barclay, L Tracy, S 2010, Closing the gap: How maternity services can contribute to reducing poor maternal / infant health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, Rural Remote Health, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1-18. Liaw, ST, Lau, P, Pyett, P, Furler, J, Burchill, M, Rowley, K Kelaher, M 2011, Successful chronic disease care for Aboriginal Australians requires cultural competence, Australian New Zealand Journal of Public Health, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 238-248. Marmot, M 2011, Social determinants and the health of Indigenous Australians, Aboriginal Islander Health Worker Journ al, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 21-22. New South Wales Government Department of Education and Training 2004, The Report of the Review of Aboriginal Education, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.det.nsw.edu.au/media/downloads/reviews/aboriginaledu/report/aer2003_04.pdf Osborne, K, Baum, F Brown, L 2013, What works? A review of actions addressing the social and economic determinants of Indigenous health, Australian Institute of Health Welfare, viewed 25 September 2015, https://www.aihw.gov.au/uploadedFiles/ClosingTheGap/Content/Publications/2013/ctgc-ip07.pdf Passey, ME, Bryant, J, Hall, AE Sanson-Fisher, RW 2013, How will we close the gap in smoking rates for pregnant Indigenous women?, Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 199, no. 1, pp. 39-41. Phillips, J Park, M 2006, Measuring domestic violence and sexual assault against women: A review of the literature and statistics, Parliament of Australia, viewed 26 September 2015, https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamenta ry_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/archive/ViolenceAgainstWomen Shepherd, CCJ, Li, Jianghong Zubrick, SR 2012, Social gradients in the health of Indigenous Australians, American Journal of Public Health, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 107-117.

Books Like The Harry Potter Series, Go Ask Alice, Or The...

One can only imagine what a banned book consist of, is it drugs, sex, racial issues, or witchcraft? The answer is it could be all of the above. Chances are, you have once read and maybe even declared a banned book your favorite book. Books like the Harry Potter series, Go Ask Alice, or The Hunger Games series are all on the banned book list. These books are often removed from schools or public library shelves. â€Å"For many years, American schools have been pressured to restrict or deny students access to books or periodicals deemed objectionable by some individual or group on moral, political, religious, ethnic, racial, or philosophical grounds.† (The Students 1) The pressure of removing said controversial books comes from concerned parents or administrators that feel the book’s content is too overwhelming for their children or students. According to Butler University, over 2500 of the 3500 challenged books came from concerned parents between 2000 and 2009 (LibGuides 3) Banning these books places an authoritarian outlook on our school systems and freedom to read in America. An authoritarian government places restrictions on citizen’s freedoms in return for power over their country. By restricting children’s right to read, one is also restricting their First Amendment rights. The First Amendment states that Congress shall not restrict one’s freedom of speech and press. The author of the publication and the readers are getting their rights torn out from under them as if theShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesDowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical ReasoningRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOne Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge

Christianity And The Biblical Scriptures Essay - 1759 Words

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Nursing Case study Medical

Questions: I: Mrs Joan McNeil is a 64-year-old widower who currently lives with her daughter due to a recent fall and DVT in her left calf.S: She has presented to your hospital with a DKA after having nausea and vomiting for the past 3 days which she was unable to tolerate anything oral and is dehydrated.B: Joan has been a type 2 Diabetic on Metformin for 30 years. Recently her GP started her on insulin a.c and nocte. Joan weighs 115 kg and suffers from Osteoarthritis and finds it difficult to mobilise. She also has hypertension in which she is medicated for.A: After spending the night in ED receiving IV fluids and an insulin infusion, she has been admitted to your ward with uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes needing re-assessment and management. Joan currently has an intravenous infusion in progress and has a sliding scale, requiring 2/24 BSLs and additional insulin pre meals.R: Refer to the mediation charts.Question 1:a) Explain the aetiology and pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabet es.In your answer compare the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Include: characteristics and treatment.b) Explain what a DKA is and possible reasons from the history why this would have occurred?Question 2:Joan has been a Type 2 Diabetic for 30 years. She has now been commenced on Insulin.a) Is she now considered a Type 1 diabetic? Explain your answer.b) Why would Joans GP have commenced her on Insulin a.c and nocte? Give a detailed explanation.Question 3:a) What are the symptoms of Hypoglycaemia?b) What is the treatment for Hypoglycaemia?Question 4:Mrs McNeils Blood Glucose levels for the past 12 hours are as follows:0600: 13.5mmol/l; 0800: 14.5mmol/l; 1000: 9.9mmol/l; 1200: 15.0mmol/L; 1400: 7.7mmol/l; 1600: 6.8mmol/l; 1800: 3.2mmol/l; 1900: 10.6 mmol/l; 2100: 16mmol/l;a) Document these on the attached BGE (Blood Glucose Form).b) At 1200hrs you documented the BSL as 15.0. What would you do?Question 5:Identify 5 other conditions related to diabetes that Joan is at ris k of? Choose 1 and explain this in detail including pathophysiology, aetiology, signs and symptoms, medications and treatment options.Question 6:On arrival to the ward Joan gives you a bag containing her medications. This bag includes: Metformin, Actrapid, Protaphane, Digoxin, Ventolin Puffer, Coloxyl with Senna, Atenolol.For each of these medications please explain: The pharmacodynamics (how they work) on Mrs McNeils body. Why Joan would be taking these medications Trade names Dosage parameters Adverse reactions Nursing Considerations Patient educationQuestion 7:Mrs McNeil was commenced on IV fluids due to dehydrationa) What clinical manifestations would Mrs McNeil exhibited on admission for the Doctor to diagnose this.b) Outline in detail the Enrolled Nurses role in relation to managing Joans IVT.c) Identify and explain in detail at least 4 possible complications of having an IV Infusion.You have just completed a set of observations. These are as follows:BP: 160/96HR: 98R: 26O2 sa ts: 86%Joan is having difficulty responding to your questions in full sentences.d) What is Joan most likely suffering from?e) What could have caused this and why?Question 8:As part of the admission process you complete a patient medical history check. You identify that the patient has had a recent DVT in her left calf.a) After identifying this, what medication is used in hospital to prevent this from reoccurring?b) How does this medication work?c) Outline how you would administer this medication (please include equipment, process and safety precautions)d) Please sign the medication chart to indicate you have given the morning medications.Question 9:You assist Joan to the toilet, on returning to the chair Joan appears to be short of breath and complains of a squeezing sensation (heaviness) in her chest. Please explain your immediate actions in order of priority and provide a rationale for each.Question 10:Continuing on from above, you have just completed a set of observations. These are as follows:BP: 86/38HR: 46R: 24O2 sats: 80%Joan is sweating profuselyBased on the observations you decide to leave the patient to make a MET call.a) What is the criteria for making a MET call?Question 11:The Doctor diagnosed acute Myocardial Infarction as the troponin level was 0.9.a) What is the normal range for a troponin level?The following day, you are doing a ward round. You notice Mrs McNeil walking to the toilet on her own. You ask if she is ok and she responds yes. You continue your round. 20 minutes later you walk past Mrs McNeils room and notice she has not returned from the toilet. As you walk closer you see Mrs McNeil collapsed on the floor in the doorway of the toilet.b) What is your next response?c) Joan has No Pulse and is not breathing. You know you need to commence CPR, what does this involve. Give a detailed explanation of the resuscitation process. Ratio, depth of compression, frequency, checking of pulse, timing of interventions, other assistance etc.d) What medications are used in the management of a cardiac arrest. Explain the pharmacodynamics, dosage parameters and timing for these medicationsQuestion 12:After a long stay in hospital recovering from her MI, Joan is finally ready for discharge to a rehabilitation facility.a) Develop a discharge plan and a written handover to the facility. Using the ISBAR handover format ensure you include all information, events and medication pertaining to Joans stay hospital. Answers: 1. a) Type I Diabetes: in this condition the immune system of the body that fights against viruses and bacteria incorrectly demolishes the islet cells within the pancreas. Pathophysiology of this condition includes beta cells destruction within the pancreas in spite of which causative agent or risk factors are present (Schatz, Haller and Atkinson, 2010). Risk factors include autoimmune response towards the beta cells within the pancreas, consisting expansion of autoantibody-generating beta cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T helper cells and innate immune system activation. Type II Diabetes: in this condition human system becomes insulin resistant or the pancreas may stop producing adequate amount of insulin. Insulin resistance that is the cell inability to respond properly to normal insulin levels takes place initially within fat tissue, muscles and liver (Taylor, 2012). Type I Diabetes Type II Diabetes Characteristics beta cells destruction within the pancreas in spite of any causative agent or risk factors In case of insulin resistance, liver inadequately releases proper amount of glucose in the blood stream Treatment Immunosupressive drugs: Cyclosporine A. Proper nutrition, regular exercise, lifestyle modification (Karlsen and Bru, 2000). b) DKA is considered as a life threatening illness among the sufferers of diabetes mellitus. This takes place mainly with those who are suffering from type I diabetes. It results from insulin shortage, and because of insulin insufficiency body switches to burn fatty acids and generates acidic ketone bodies which cause mainly the complications and symptoms (Egred, 2005). In this case study Mrs. Joan is a diabetic patient and suffering from this condition since last 30years. DKA most often takes place in those patients who previously have diabetes. Apart from that she is obese. From various researches it is seen that DKA may takes place among those who have features of diabetes type II and features include obesity and family history. 2. a) No, she is not considered as Type I diabetic. This is because both features of these conditions are entirely different. Type II diabetes is characterized by increased glucose levels within the blood stream but in type I diabetes immune system destroy s the production of insulin by the pancreatic cells (Hassanein, Ewins and Worth, 2000). In this case body generates insulin but is not capable to identify and utilize it appropriately and that is why insulin therapy is given to the patient to control her blood sugar level. Her immune system does not destroy the insulin producing beta cells within the pancreas. b) Joans GP have commenced her on insulin dosages because Type II diabetes is completely curable and preventable. The recommendation is justified as Joan is diabetic for last 30years and consuming Protaphane and Metformin (Drugbank.ca, 2015). Yet her blood sugar level is not under control. Therefore commencement of insulin therapy prior meal and during the night time will help Joan to control her elevated blood sugar level. 3. a) The symptoms of hypoglycemia includes fatigue, pale skin, heart palpitations, anxiety, shakiness, hunger, irritability, sweating, blurry vision, nervousness, mood swing, sleeping difficulty, skin ting ling, loss of alertness, trouble in concentrating (Park et al., 2010). b) The treatment of hypoglycemia includes drinking juice or consuming glucose tablets or chewing sugary food (Bellenir, 2008). GP can also give a glucagon shot as for immediate purpose, because this raises the level of blood sugar.4. a) Blood Glucose Form: TIME BSL 0600 13.5mmol/l 0800 14.5mmol/l 1000 9.9mmol/l 1200 15.0mmol/l 1400 7.7mmol/l 1600 6.8mmol/l 1800 3.2mmol/l 1900 10.6mmol/l 2100 16mmol/l b) When it is documented that the BSL is 15.0 at 1200hrs, the responsible care provider should focus on her hyperglycemia treatment. It is also mentioned in this case study that she has diabetic keto acidosis, so taking care of this factor is of utmost important. Joan weighs 115kg so she should be administered with 6units of insulin. 5. 5 other conditions related to diabetes are: amputation, vision loss, nerve damage; kidney disease and stroke and heart complication. Amputation: the main two reasons associated with amputations of legs or feet include narrowing down of blood vessels, obstruction in adequate amount of blood circulation to the lower body portion. Sores or cuts in the legs or feet take time to heal properly and can get bad instead of getting healed. If a problem of damaged nerve is also present then the patient might not feel the ache because of foot problem (Healey and Healey, 2007). Sores if left untreated or ignored then the sores can become rapidly infected that leads to an emergency for amputation (Akram, Kerr and Mclennan, 2008). Treatment includes proper foot care, inspection of sores; avoid wearing badly fitting shocks and proper follow up with doctors. 6. DRUGS PHARMACODYNAMICS REASON TRADE NAMES DOSAGE PARAMETERS ADVERSE REACTIONS NURSING CONSIDERATION PATIENT EDUCATION Metformin Improves glucose tolerance, lowers basal and postprandial plasma glucose She is hyperglycemic Glucophage 1gm, twice Daily Stomach discomfort, lower back pain, cough, decreased appetite History of allergy and physical assessment like: skin color, lesions, liver evaluation Avoid alcohol consumption while administering with this drug Actrapid Helps glucose to enter the body cells from blood To manage the condition of diabetes Actrapid 4units/8hrs Excessive reduction all of blood glucose level sudenly Correct dosage should be prepared Education need to be given on lifestyle modification, proper diet Protaphane Helps glucose to enter the body cells from blood To control elevated level of blood sugar Protaphane 14units Excessive reduction all of a blood glucose level sddenly Correct dosage should be prepared Education need to be given on lifestyle modification, proper diet Digoxin A cardiac glycoside, treat congestive cardiac complication and arrhythmias because of reentry mechanism Control the rate of ventriculation in atrial fibrillation, manage congestive cardiac failure Digacin 62.5mcg/day Fainting, dizziness Need to be administered undiluted Patient should complain if any adverse effect initiates Ventolin Puffer A bronchodilator to control the condition of asthma To treat asthma or COPD Asthavent 2mg 3-4times/day Headache, flushing, hypokalaemia Assess lung sound, observe fore paradoxical spasm Patient should complain if any adverse effect initiates (Nhs.uk, 2015) Coloxyl with Senna Sennosides which are obtained from senna leaves, irritates bowel lining causing laxative effect Recommended for constipation Coloxyl II daily Weight loss, stomach pain As digoxin, blood thinner and diuretic tablets can affect Coloxyl, nurses should monitor if any adverse reaction arise Patient should complain if any adverse effect initiates (Aspenpharma.com.au, 2015) Atenolol It has lowest solubility in lipid and does not have membrane stabilizing activity She is hypertensive, so it is used to control her hypertension Normiten Daily Cold hand, feet, confusion History of sinus bradycardia and physical assessment: urine glucose, blood glucose, cholesterol CConsume drug with food id gastrointestinal upset takes place (Mayoclinic.org, 2015) 7. a) The clinical manifestations include extreme thrust, confusion, dry skin, mucous membranes, mouth, no urination and sunken eyes (Simmons, 2010). b) Nurses should have a good amount of knowledge about intra venous therapy. Many technical modifications are now in place those are time saving and innovative. This increases the therapy efficacy. The nurses need to be well equipped with these techniques.c) The complications may include hematoma infiltration, air embolism and phlebitis (Wittstock, Benecke and Zettl, 2003). d) Her blood pressure is at higher side, her heart rate is also increased and from her oxygen saturation measurement it is clearly understood that she is suffering from hypoxia. e) She could have suffering from loss of consciousness and increased palpitation because of dehydrated condition. 8. a) Heparin is used to prevent this from reoccurring.b) Heparin binds to antithrombin III and leads to instant inactivation of factors Xa and IIa. This heparin bound complex can inactivate plasmin (Drugbank.ca, 2015). Heparins antithrombotic effect is related well with the factor Xa inhibition. Heparin prevents formation of existing clots by diminishing further clotting and not a thombolytic agent.9. Immediate actions: support with oxygen mask as she is suffering from breathing shortness. The squeezing pain in the heart might represent a change of heart attack, so Digoxin can be administered or any other sublingual tablets can be immediately placed. 10. a) The criteria here that can be considered to give a MET call includes her sudden chest pain and raised heart rate and elevated blood pressure that indicate her chance to get a heart attack. 11. a) Normal range of troponin: 0-0.2ng/ml.b) The next response is a call to the medical emergency team.c) Turn patient onto her back, open airway using chin lift and head lift, keeping this passage open the personnel should look, feel, and listen to identify whether the patient is normally breathing and should take l ess than 10seconds. Listen at patients mouth for breathing sounds, look or movement of chest, feel for air on cheek. Chest decompression can be given and 2ventilations. d) ACE inhibitors can be used in this condition. Generic name: benazepril; Trade name: LotensinThis drug inhibits ACE in human (Nlm.nih.gov, 2015). This enzyme catalyzes conversion of angeotensin I to vasoconstrictor substance. Dosage: 20mg/day. 12. Joans discharge plan should be focused on her physiological conditions: DVT, DKA, diabetes and dehydrated condition. As the doctor has started insulin therapy, the patient should be educated properly regarding insulin administration. If help is required the hospital should arranged for nurse aide along with her. She should be provided with a template mentioning dos and donts, so that she can follow proper medication and its timing. References Akram, A., Kerr, R. and Mclennan, A. (2008). Amputation of lower left lip following dental local anaesthetic.Oral Surgery, 1(2), pp.111-113. Aspenpharma.com.au, (2015).Coloxyl - docusate | Aspen Pharmacare Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.aspenpharma.com.au/products/details/index/id/448/product/Coloxyl [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Bellenir, K. (2008).Diabetes sourcebook. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics. Drugbank.ca, (2015).DrugBank: Heparin (DB01109). [online] Available at: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01109 [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Drugbank.ca, (2015).DrugBank: Heparin (DB01109). [online] Available at: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01109 [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Drugbank.ca, (2015).DrugBank: Metformin (DB00331). [online] Available at: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/db00331 [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Egred, M. (2005). Diabetic keto-acidosis and hyperkalaemia induced pseudo-myocardial infarction.Heart, 91(9), pp.1180-1180. Hassanein, M., Ewins, D. and Worth, R. (2000). Case presentation: An unusual cause of severe peripartum hypoglycaemia in type I diabetes.Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 50, p.215. Healey, J. and Healey, J. (2007).Diabetes. Thirroul, N.S.W.: Spinney Press. Karlsen, B. and Bru, E. (2000). Coping among adults with type I and type II diabetes.Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 50, p.231. Mayoclinic.org, (2015).Atenolol (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names - Drugs and Supplements - Mayo Clinic. [online] Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/atenolol-oral-route/description/drg-20071070 [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Nhs.uk, (2015).Ventolin - Asthma medicines and drugs - NHS Choices. [online] Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Asthma/Pages/MedicineOverview.aspx?condition=Asthmamedicine=Ventolin [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Nlm.nih.gov, (2015).Benazepril: MedlinePlus Drug Information. [online] Available at: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a692011.html [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Park, M., Freund, G., Donovan, S., Freund, G., Johnson, R. and Woods, J. (2010).Neuroendocrine mechanisms of behavioral changes induced by hypoglycemia. Urbana, IL.: University of Illinois. Schatz, D., Haller, M. and Atkinson, M. (2010).Type I Diabetes. Philadelphia: Saunders. Simmons, S. (2010). Acute dehydration.Nursing, 40(1), p.72. Taylor, R. (2012). Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, 61(4), pp.778-779. Wittstock, M., Benecke, R. and Zettl, U. (2003). Therapy with Intravenous Immunoglobulins: Complications and Side-Effects.Eur Neurol, 50(3), pp.172-175.

Calculating Real GDP

Calculating Real GDP of an economy entails a general summation of the total output produced in an economy. The two main approaches for calculating this output are the Expenditure Approach and the Income approach. TheAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Calculating Real GDP specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Income approach focuses on the incomes which accrue from the totality of economic activities carried out within the economy. The expenditure approach on the other hand focuses on the values of total expenditure in the economy as per the different economic units in the country. This paper gives a mathematical representation of the expenditure approach to calculate the level of GDP and also assesses the effect of changes in some of the variables on the GDP. Generally, GDP=Consumption + Investment + Government Expenditure + Net Exports This can be summarized as Y= C + I + G + NX HoweverAdvertising Looking for essa y on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More C=C0 + c1Yd Where Co is the autonomous level of consumption and C1 is the marginal propensity to consume. Yd is defined as (Y-T) and is called disposable income I=Io+I1Y Where Io is the autonomous level of investment and I1 the marginal propensity to invest. G=Go Where Go is the level of government expenditure determined outside the model. NX = X-M Where X is the level of exports and M the level of imports M=Mo+m1Y where Mo is autonomous level of exports and m1 the marginal propensity to import T=Tp where Tp are taxes as determined by government.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Calculating Real GDP specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Combining the equation gives Y=co+c1(Y-Tp) +Io+i1Y+Go+ (Xo-(mo+m1Y)) Hence Y= co+Io+Go+Xo-mo – c1Tp/ 1-c1-i1=m1 1-c1-i1=m1 Given that Autonomous consumption (Co) = 200 a utonomous investment (I0) = 200Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More government spending = 100 export spending (X0) = 100 autonomous import spending (M0) = 100 taxes (Tp) = 0 marginal propensity to consume (c1) = 0.8 marginal propensity to invest (i1) = 0.1 marginal propensity to import (m1) = 0.15 Then Y= (200+200+100+100-100)/ (1-0.8-0.1+0.15) = 500/0.25=1,600 Exchange rates have significant effects on international trade. This is because they determine how much the local currency is valued in the international markets. Consequently, they affect the levels of imports and exports from the economy. Appreciation of the exchange rate has the effect of making imports cheaper in the domestic market while exports get expensive in the international markets. Depreciation of exchange rates on the other hand makes imports expensive in the local market while exports get cheaper in the international markets. In a case where the exchange rates cause autonomous imports to rise from 100 to 200 the GDP changes as shown below. The new level of Y is Y= (200+200+100+1 00-200)/ (1-0.8-0.1+0.15) = 400/0.25=1600 In the initial state the GDP level is 2000 a figure which is 400 higher than after the change in exchange rate. As mentioned above, the exchange rate is a conversion factor or a price relating local currency to international currency. This being the case, a rise in the autonomous imports would only result from an appreciation of the exchange rate. This is due to the fact that an appreciation in the exchange rate causes imports to be cheaper hence the same amounts used to purchase the autonomous imports can now purchase much more than before. It should be noted that the change in the GDP occasioned by the change in autonomous imports is much higher than the actual change in autonomous imports. This is due to the multiplier effect on the economy. In conclusion, exchange rate is an important component in the determination of the growth of GDP especially in economies where international trade contributes to a large portion of the GDP. It is alwa ys best to achieve stability of the exchange rates to avoid the scenario described above This essay on Calculating Real GDP was written and submitted by user Anaya Tate to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Dark Matter

There is perhaps no current problem of greater importance to astrophysics and cosmology than that of "dark matter". The controversy, as the name implies, is centered on the notion that there may exist an enormous amount of matter in the Universe that cannot be detected from the light that it emits. The evidence of dark matter is from the motions of astronomical objects, specifically stellar, galactic, and galaxy cluster/super cluster observations. The basic argument is that if we measure velocities in some region, then there has to be enough mass there for gravity to stop all the objects from flying apart. When such velocity measurements are done on large scales, it turns out that the amount of inferred mass is much more than can be explained by the luminous mass. Hence we infer that there is non-luminous matter in the Universe, i.e. there is dark matter. Dark matter has important consequences for the evolution of the Universe. According to standard cosmological theory, the Universe must conform to one of three possible types: open, flat, or closed. A parameter known as the "mass density" - that is, how much matter per unit volume is contained in the Universe - determines which of the three possibilities applies to the Universe. In the case of an open Universe, the mass density is less than unity, and the Universe is predicted to expand forever. If the Universe is closed the Universe will eventually stop its expansion and re-collapse back upon itself. For the case where the universe is exactly equal to one, the Universe is delicately balanced between the two states, and is said to be "flat". Dark matter candidates are usually split into two broad categories, with the second category being further sub-divided: baryonic and bon-baryonic. Then, under non-baryonic, hot dark matter (HDM) and cold dark matter (CDM) are its types. Depending on their respective masses and speeds, CDM candidates have relatively large mass and travel at ... Free Essays on Dark Matter Free Essays on Dark Matter There is perhaps no current problem of greater importance to astrophysics and cosmology than that of "dark matter". The controversy, as the name implies, is centered on the notion that there may exist an enormous amount of matter in the Universe that cannot be detected from the light that it emits. The evidence of dark matter is from the motions of astronomical objects, specifically stellar, galactic, and galaxy cluster/super cluster observations. The basic argument is that if we measure velocities in some region, then there has to be enough mass there for gravity to stop all the objects from flying apart. When such velocity measurements are done on large scales, it turns out that the amount of inferred mass is much more than can be explained by the luminous mass. Hence we infer that there is non-luminous matter in the Universe, i.e. there is dark matter. Dark matter has important consequences for the evolution of the Universe. According to standard cosmological theory, the Universe must conform to one of three possible types: open, flat, or closed. A parameter known as the "mass density" - that is, how much matter per unit volume is contained in the Universe - determines which of the three possibilities applies to the Universe. In the case of an open Universe, the mass density is less than unity, and the Universe is predicted to expand forever. If the Universe is closed the Universe will eventually stop its expansion and re-collapse back upon itself. For the case where the universe is exactly equal to one, the Universe is delicately balanced between the two states, and is said to be "flat". Dark matter candidates are usually split into two broad categories, with the second category being further sub-divided: baryonic and bon-baryonic. Then, under non-baryonic, hot dark matter (HDM) and cold dark matter (CDM) are its types. Depending on their respective masses and speeds, CDM candidates have relatively large mass and travel at ...

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Vallone v CNA Financial Essay Example for Free

Vallone v CNA Financial Essay In Vallone v. CAN Financial, this lawsuit is a purported class action brought on behalf of individuals who elected early retirement from the Continental Insurance Company in 1992. Plaintiffs allege that health care benefits promised to them as part of the early retirement package were terminated in violation of federal and state law. Along with hundreds of other Continental employees nationwide, plaintiffs elected to accept the package from Continental known as the Voluntary Special Retirement Program (VSRP). The VSRP provided early retirees with special health care benefits that differed from the benefits extended to regular retirees under Continentals Comprehensive Health Care and Dental Plan (the Plan). One such feature involved the Retiree Health Care Allowance, a subsidy from Continental provided to help offset the cost of retiree health care benefits. Under the Plan, employees had to retire at age 62 or older and have 25 years or more of service to qualify for the maximum retiree health care allowance. An employee retiring before the age 62, or with less than 25 years of service, would receive a reduced health care allowance. Early retirees under the VSRP, however, were to receive the maximum health care allowance, regardless of their age or years of service. Features such as this one enticed plaintiffs and hundreds of others to take early retirement. In August 1998, CNA informed all retired Continental employees that, as a result of the merger of health care plans, the retiree health care allowance contributions would end on December 31, 1998. Upset by the termination of the health care allowance, some early retirees under the VSRP decided to challenge CNAs actions. In August and September 1998, plaintiffs Vallone and Heidemann telephoned officials at CNA, arguing that the early retirees were given a lifetime health care allowance and inquiring about whether there would be a review of the termination of benefits. They were informed that CNAs actions were appropriate and final, and that no reconsideration or other remedy was available. Dissatisfied with the responses they received from CNA officials, plaintiffs filed this purported class action lawsuit on behalf of the approximately 500 or more persons nationwide who retired under the VSRP. In their complaint, plaintiffs allege that the termination of the retiree health care allowance violated the Employee Retirement Income and Security Act (ERISA) and state common law. On December 28, 2000, the district court granted CNAs motion for summary judgment on the plaintiffs claims of wrongful denial of benefits under ERISA (Count II), breach of ERISA and common law contract (Count IV) and equitable estoppel (Count V). On March 28, 2003, the district court granted CNAs motion for summary judgment on the plaintiffs one remaining count, their breach of fiduciary duty claim (Count III). The whole of this argument is to show that these individuals â€Å"retired† during the term of the agreement. No matter what new companies when merged or not does in the future you at-least have to fulfill and honor what agreement was in place before that time. Five Star Transportation v. NLRB In early January of 2003, nearing the expiration of the Districts contract with First Student, the District began organizing the bid process for awarding the 2003-2006 bus services contract.   As a part of the bid specifications distributed to potential vendors, the District required that any new vendor give current drivers â€Å"first consideration for employment.†   At the January 16, 2003 â€Å"bid opening† meeting, Five Star submitted the lowest bid. Thereafter, on January 21, Clifford wrote to the District expressing his concern that Five Stars bid was so low-nearly $300,000 lower than the then-current contract-that it was questionable whether it would be able to maintain the drivers wage and benefit levels, and the safe and effective service, then provided by First Student. Because of this a letter was sent out from the school board to Five Star Bus Company, saying that all employees must be paid the union wage and other items with no response. The school board also talked and had them write letters of the former Five Star employees, who were also trying to get back on board with the bus company if they are awarded the contract. After Five Star was awarded the bus services contract, seventeen former First Student drivers who were members of the Union bargaining unit applied for a position at Five Star. Of these, only six were hired. The company admits that the sole reason the other eleven applicants were not hired or even considered was because they had written letters critical of Five Star. On August 14, the Union filed a charge against Five Star with the NLRB alleging that â€Å"by failing to hire former unionized Belchertown bus drivers, the Company had discriminated against them because of their protected and concerted activity.† A three-member panel of the NLRB reviewed the ALJs findings and the parties exceptions and supporting briefs.   It divided the eleven drivers into three categories:  (1) those whose letters had failed to raise common employment-related concerns; (2) those whose letters primarily raised such concerns; and (3) those whose letters primarily disparaged Five Star. The NLRB concluded that Five Star had violated only as to the six drivers belonging to the second group, because only those drivers actions were protected by the Act. It ordered these drivers reinstated and granted back pay with interest. This goes back to over a half century of established National Labor Relations Act both with its hiring and firing practices. Five Star was very in the wrong and should have been better about their hiring and what they used against the employees or hopeful employees to choose for hire. Doing a bit more research on the Five Star bus company and for the contract from 2003-2006, I found that the company had a very bad reputation for poor maintained busses with many break downs. The school was very dissatisfied with the bus company over the three years and did not renew their contract.

T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land †Can We Learn From the Past ? Essay examp

T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land – Can We Learn From the Past ? And he is not likely to know what is To be done unless he lives in what is not merely the present, but the present moment of the past, unless he is conscious, not of what is dead, but what is already living. --T.S. Eliot, "Tradition and the Individual Talent" When read for the first time, The Waste Land appears to be a concoction of sorts, a disjointed poem. Lines are written in different languages, narrators change, and the scenes seem disconnected, except for the repeated references to the desert and death. When read over again, however, the pieces become coherent. The Waste Land is categorized as a poem, but exhibited visually, it appears to be a literary collage. And when standing back and viewing the collage from afar, a common theme soon emerges. Eliot collects aspects from different cultures or what he calls cultural memories. These assembled memories depict a lifeless world, in which the barrenness of these scenes speak of a wasted condition. He concentrates on women, including examples of violence committed against them and the women's subsequent lack of response to this violence, to show how apathetic the world is. But The Waste Land is not a social commentary on the plight of women. Rather, the women's non-reaction to the viole nce against them becomes a metaphor for the impotence of the human race to respond to pain. Violence recurs throughout time, and as Eliot points to in his essay "Tradition and Individual Talent" in the epigraph, we can break this cycle of violence and move ahead only by learning from the past and applying this knowledge to the present. Form often follows function in poetry, and in this case, Eliot uses this notion whe... ...ing these fragments, he saw how asleep he used to be: I have heard the key Turn in the door once and turn once only We think of the key, each in his prison, Thinking of the key, each confirms a prison (412-415) These memories become his "key" to awken the rest of us who are still pretending. The reader is left with two choices at the end of the poem. S/he can either forget about the poem, and go back to living in a waste land, or s/he can stop repressing pain and feeling and leave the waste land. Eliot ends the poem with a man (maybe himself?) sitting on a shore, "[f]ishing, with the arid plain behind me" and asking, "Shall I at least set my lands in order?" (425-36) The man here, by facing his pain, has left the waste land, and is able to move ahead. Work Cited [1] Plato, Republic, in Great Diaologues of Plato (Mentor: New York, 1984), 313.

Be True to Yourself Essay

William Shakespeare, perhaps the most extraordinary writer who ever lived, includes some magnificent philosophical truths in his work. Brilliantly constructed, his world-renowned play, Hamlet, demonstrates his excellence. When reading it, I felt privileged to read such beautifully written language, and choosing my favorite quote was difficult. In the beginning of the play, Laertes prepares to go to France. Naturally, his father Polonius gives him some special words of advice before he leaves, â€Å"[t]his above all: to thine own self be true, / And it must follow, as night the day/ Thou canst not then be false to any man† (I.ii.84-86). If Laertes is honest with himself his father believes he won’t misrepresent himself to others, and he will be a true gentleman. Not only is this quote pleasurable reading, it is entirely truthful. Lying and cheating are two violations of this truth that I’ve witnessed frequently. For example, English has always been one of my weaker subjects because I’m not a very efficient reader. Even so, I study hard for my tests and often get a decent result. However, several others, whose English skills are also relatively weak, choose to cheat, there by obtaining a grade equal to or higher than my own. I could easily do this as well—leaving more time to sleep and devote to soccer—but not while being true to myself. After studying intently for a test and getting the result I deserve, I’m completely satisfied, with the grade and myself. This is what’s important according to Shakespeare: to be able to look into the mirror and be proud of the face looking back.

The Things They Carried By Tim O Brien - 1211 Words

A young male, First Lieutenant, in the Army will unknowingly become a man as men server under him. Becoming a man with such unspeakable responsibilities at such a young age can emotionally test even the strongest man. An example, of this transformation is in the short story by Tim O’Brien called, The Things They Carried, it shows a young, First Lieutenant, in the Vietnam War named Jimmy Cross, and his journey to become a successful leader, but only after the death of one of his men. This young, First Lieutenant, will have to come to the grips that other men’s lives are his responsibility. This task of keeping his troops alive will tremendously test Lt. Cross’s heart and soul, by choosing to lose a component of his own humanity along the way. There must be order at all times when you’re in charge of men’s lives, and Lt. Cross must become capable of setting aside his own personal mind-set and align his thoughts with that of the essential standard oper ating procedures (SOP). Lt Cross eventually decides to follow the SOP, and he finally understands the importance of having an SOP; sadly it comes at the expense of one of his own men. The SOP has allowed Army personal to their job with no reluctance, no matter the situation, quickly being able to adapting to change, always acting in the approved manner by which they shall treat others with dignity and respect, and always having honor in their county, unit, and fellow soldiers. It doesn’t matter if someone is enlisted orShow MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Vietnam War was a long, exhausting, and traumatic experience for all of the soldiers and those who came with them. The Things They Carried, by Tim O Brien illustrates the different affects the war had on a variety of people: Jacqueline Navarra Rhoads, a former nurse during the Vietnam war, demonstrates these effects within her own memoir in the book, The Forgotten Veterans. Bot h sources exemplify many tribulations, while sharing a common thread of suffering from mental unpredictability. DesensitizationRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1377 Words   |  6 Pageslove to have it as good as we do. Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried discusses many veterans who experience the burden of shame and guilt daily due to their heroic actions taken during the Vietnam War. The book shows you how such a war can change a man before, during, and after it’s over.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I reflect on the many conflicts America has been a part of, none can compare to the tragedies that occurred in The Vietnam war. As told in The Things They Carried (O’Brien), characters such as NormanRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthe theme pertains to everyone regardless of their background. It conveys the same ideas to people from all across our society. Lastly, a classic is timeless, which means it has transcended the time in which it was written. In Tim O’Brien’s novel, The Things They Carried, he offers a new, intriguing way to view war or just life in general and also meets all of the crucial requirements mentioned above to qualify it as a book of literary canon. Though this book is technically a war novel, many peopleRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1242 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Tim O’Brien is obsessed with telling a true war story. O Brien s fiction about the Vietnam experience suggest, lies not in realistic depictions or definitive accounts. As O’Brien argues, absolute occurrence is irrelevant because a true war story does not depend upon that kind of truth. Mary Ann’s induction into genuine experience is clearly destructive as well as empowering† (p.12) Tim O’s text, The Things they Carried, details his uses of word choice to portray his tone and bias. Tim O’BrienRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1169 Words   |  5 Pagesbut are set in the past and borrows things from that time period. A story that fits this genre of literature is The Things They Carried. The story is about Tim O Brien, a Vietnam veteran from the Unite States, who tells stories about what had happ ened when he and his team were stationed in Vietnam. He also talks about what he felt about the war when he was drafted and what he tried to do to avoid going to fight in Vietnam. The Things They Carried by Tim O Brien was precise with its portrayal of settingRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1004 Words   |  5 Pages Tim O’Brien is a veteran from of the Vietnam War, and after coming home from his duty he decided to be a writer. His work â€Å"The Things They Carried† is about a group of soldiers that are fighting in the Vietnam War. The first part of the story talks mostly about physical items that each soldier carries, and also mentions the weight of the items as well. Though, there is one exception to the list of physical things. Lieutenant Cross is a character of the story, and Tim O’ Brien quickly states theRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien896 Words   |  4 PagesTrouble without a doubt is what First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross c arried around his shoulders because he was out in war, where mistakes happen. Lost and unknown of his surroundings he had to lead his men into safety, while destroying anything they found. First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross only holds onto one thing for hope and that is Martha, the woman who he hopes is a virgin to come back to. Tim O’ Brien introduces symbolism by adding a character that has a meaning of purity and a pebble, which symbolizesRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesSummary: â€Å"By and large they carried these things inside, maintaining the masks of composure† (21). In Tim O’brien’s The Things They Carried, the American soldiers of the Vietnam War carry much more than the weight of their equipment, much more than souvenirs or good-luck charms or letters from home. They carried within themselves the intransitive burdens—of fear, of cowardice, of love, of loneliness, of anger, of confusion. Most of all, they carry the truth of what happened to them in the war—aRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1369 Words   |  6 PagesMany authors use storytelling as a vehicle to convey the immortality of past selves and those who have passed to not only in their piece of literature but in their life as an author. In Tim O’Brien’s work of fiction The Things They Carried, through his final chapter â€Å"The Lives of the Dead,† O Brien conveys that writing is a matter of survival since, the powers of s torytelling can ensure the immortality of all those who were significant in his life. Through their immortality, O’Brien has the abilityRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1407 Words   |  6 Pages       Our introduction stated that in â€Å"The Things They Carried,† author Tim O’Brien tells us not directly of the soldiers of Vietnam, or the situations they find themselves in, but about the things they carry on their shoulders and in their pockets. These â€Å"things† identify the characters and bring them to life.   I find that to be true as the author unfolds the stories about war and the uncommon things one carries in to war both inadvertently and on purpose.  Ã‚  Ã‚  As it was noted: Stories about war –